HIS LIFE AND WORKS MODEL FOR ASSEMBLY 1914 July Birth Florencio Cortázar, son of Julio Cortázar and María Herminia Descottes. "My birth (in Brussels) was a product of tourism and diplomacy," he said years later. At that time Brussels was occupied by the Germans. 1916
Cortázar's family moved to Switzerland, where he awaits the end of the First World War.
1918 returned to Argentina. The family moved to Banfield, a suburb of Buenos Aires. The father (who in July did not want to know anything never abandons his wife and two children. Julio breeding with his mother, aunt, grandmother and his sister Ophelia, a year younger than him). "I never did anything for us," he said of his father. Common diseases, broken arms, asthma, first loves. The story is very autobiographical poisons.
1923 First literary exercises. "I finished my first novel for nine years," say. He also writes poems. The family suspected of being kidnapped, thus causing him great distress. 1928
He studied at the Normal School Mariano Acosta (whose atmosphere recreate the story of the night school which he describes as "terrible, one of schools worst imaginable. "rescues the names of two teachers: Vicente Arturo Marasso and Fatton.
1932 Gets the title of teachers, which allows him to exercise the magistrerio. That same year he unsuccessfully tries to travel to Europe in a cargo ship, with a group of friends (failure to be found in places called Kindberg). "Buenos Aires was a kind of punishment. Living there was to be imprisoned "said years later in an interview with Luis Harss.
1932 normal teacher is received at the School Mariano Acosta. In a bookstore in Buenos Aires discovered the book Opium of Jean Cocteau, whose reading changes "by complete "his vision of literature and makes you discover the surrealism.
1935 Gets the title of Professor of Arts Normal and entered the Faculty of Arts and Philosophy. Adopts the first year, but at home" had very little money and I wanted to help my mother dropped out of school to start on the faculty.
1937 is appointed professor at the National College of a small town in the province of Buenos Aires, Bolívar. Lee tirelessly and write stories that are not public.
1938 published his first collection of poems under the pseudonym Presence July Denis. Tell them that they were sonnets "very Mallarme" and that the book was "happily" forgotten. 1939
In July of that year he was transferred to the Normal School of Chivilcoy.
1941 under the pseudonym Julio Denis published an article in the journal Footprint Rimbaud, who along with the magazine Canto were important vehicles of expression for young writers.
1944 Moved to Cuyo, Mendoza, and its university offers courses in French literature. He published his first story, Witch, in the journal Literary mail. Participate in demonstrations of opposition to Peronism. 1945
When Juan Domingo Peron wins the presidential election has resigned. "I preferred to give up my chairs before being forced to 'get me the sack" as happened to many colleagues who chose to remain in their posts. " Assemble a first volume of stories, The Other Shore. Return to Buenos Aires, where he began working in the Cámara Argentina del Libro. 1946
Public taken the story in the journal house Annals of Buenos Aires, directed by Jorge Luis Borges. That same year he published a paper on the English poet John Keats, The Grecian Urn in the poetry of John Keats in the Journal of Classical Studies University of Cuyo. 1947
collaborates in several magazines, including Reality. Published important theoretical work, Theory of Tunnel, and the journal The Annals of Buenos Aires Bestiary his story was published. 1948
Gets the title of sworn translator of English and French, after completing studies in just nine months to three years typically consuming. The effort results in neurotic symptoms, one of which (the search for cockroaches in the food) away with writing a story, Circe, who along with Casa Tomada and Bestiary (published in the Annals of Buenos Aires) is included later in Bestiary. 1949
Public the dramatic poem The Kings signed first work with your real name and ignored by critics. During the summer he writes his first novel, Divertimento, that somehow prefigures Rayuela. Divertimento be published only in 1986 after his death. Works in cultural magazines in Buenos Aires (Ride, Reality and South)
1950 Write another novel, The test, rejected by the literary adviser Losada, Guillermo de Torre. Cortázar to submit to a contest organized by the same company, without success. This novel will be published after death the writer in 1986.
1951 published his first book of stories Bestiary, published by Sudamericana, which already contained some of his masterpieces in the genre. But the book - except for a handful of readers - go unnoticed. Gets a French government scholarship and traveled to Paris with the intention of settling there FIME. Start working as a translator for UNESCO. 1952
story appears in Buenos Aires Literaria Axolotl
1953 Marries play along, translator Argentina
1954 Travel to Montevideo, the year the UNESCO general conference where he made his, acting as translator and reviewer. Staying at the Hotel Cervantes (and frequented by Jorge Luis Borges) in which he spent his short story "The condemned door. Go through the city, visit the Cerro neighborhood in which located to the Maga.Continúa working as a freelance translator of UNESCO.Sigue writing what later will be Cronopios and Famas, which had begun in 1951: "One night, listening to a concert at the Theatre des Champs Elysees, I was suddenly the notion of characters who would be called cronopios" he said years later. Literary Buenos Aires published ToritoViaja to Italy, where he began to translate stories Edgar Allan Poe. 1956
In Mexico (Ed. Presents) publishes the Final storybook game, in which the story appears poisons, which Cortázar considered "autobiographical." So is the volume's title. It also publishes the translation of works in prose of Poe at the University of Puerto Rico. 1959
Public secret weapons (Ed, South America), which includes long story tracker. This story is a bias in the narrative of Cortázar. "It was an illumination. I finished reading that article (which announced the death of Charlie Parker) and the next day or that day, I do not remember I started writing the story. Because immediately I felt the character was he (...) was what I had been looking for. "Cortázar said that there addresses" a problem of existential human type, which is then expanded in Awards and especially in Rayuela (Ours, Luis Harss)
1960 Travel to the United States (Washington and New York) and published the novel Los Premios (Editorial Sudamericana) written during the long journey by boat "for fun", say
1961 made his first visit to Cuba. She will show "the great political void in me, my political uselessness. Since that day I tried to documentarne, I tried to understand and read. "That same year the publisher Fayard publishes The Awards, first translation of a work of Cortázar.
1962 Cronopios Public and reputations, in Editorial Minotauro, Buenos Aires.
1963 Public Rayuela (Ed. Sudamericana), which sold 5,000 copies in the first year. "Rayuela wrote long passages without having the slightest idea where were to be situated or what the background (...) It was kind of inventing at the same time of writing, never going ahead I could see that moment ", say. (The fascination of words). Post A yellow flower in the Revista de Occidente de Madrid and Description of a Battle in contemporary Eco. That same year he participated as a juror in the Casa de las Americas Prize in Havana .
1965 The New York Pantheon Publishing publishes the English translation of Awards and Luchterhand, Berlin, Geschichten und der Cronopios Famen.Aparece Meeting Golden Beetle Buenos Aires and Instructions for John Howell in Progress Montevideo 1966
Public storybook All Fires the Fire (Sudamericana, Buenos Aires). In New York, Pantheon published the English translation of Rayuela and Gallimard the French translation of Laure Guille-Bataillon.En Union magazine article appears Havana To reach Lezama Lima. Decides to take public its commitment to Latin American liberation struggle
1967 appears Around the Day in Eighty Worlds, a volume that brings together stories, reviews, essays and poems, with a highly original layout designed in large part by Julio Silva. The book, according Cortázar, was conceived as an homage to Jules Verne "but in a very roundabout way."
1968 in Buenos Aires Public (Ed. Sudamericana) novel 62, Model Kit. the novel causes some confusion in the criticism. Cortázar had said he would "get to write an account can show how those figures costituyen a break and a denial of individual reality, often without the characters having the slightest awareness of it." That same year he published in Buenos Aires, with photographs by Sara Facio and Alicia D'Amico the book Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires.
Public 1968 another of his books "almanac" Last Round, where they are collected essays, short stories, poems, stories, texts humorísticos.La edition (Siglo XXI, Mexico) is imagined as a building two-storey high and low, and has profuse illustrations. The book contains (ground floor) an extensive list of Roberto Fernández Retamar Cortázar written in Saigon on May 10, 1967, published in the Journal of the Casa de las Americas. "This letter is incorporated herein by way of statement as more gorilato reasons prevent the magazine cited the Latin American audience reach.." The letter was focused on the state of New York intellectual latinoamericano.Pantheon publishes the English translation on Cronopios and Famas and Einaudi (Torino, Italy) of Rayuela.
1969 Last round.
1970 Travel to Chile invited to the inauguration of President Salvador Allende, with his second wife Ugné Karvelis. The publisher publishes the book Stories Sudamericana, which is a selection of stories Bestiary, End of game, Secret Weapons and All Fires the Fire. 1971
Public Pamela and meopas (Barcelona, \u200b\u200bOcnos), which includes poems written between 1944 and 1958.
Post 1972 Prose observatory (Barcelona, \u200b\u200bLumen, with photographs by Julio Cortázar and the collaboration of Antonio Gálvez). 1973
appears Book Manuel (Buenos Aires, South America), which obtains the Prix Medicis in Paris. Cortázar travel to Buenos Aires to present the book. By the way visit Peru, Ecuador and Chile. The novel raises a considerable dust: "... if, for years I've written texts related to Latin American problems, while novels and stories in which these problems were absent or only tangentially peeped here and now the waters have come together, but their reconciliation has not been all easy, as perhaps what the confused and tormented journey of a character, "he wrote in Prólogo.En Barcelona (Tusquets) publishes The box of Morelli, whose edition, preface and notes were made by Julio Ortega. 1974
appears storybook octahedron (South America). In April participates in a meeting of the Russell Tribunal met in Rome to discuss the political situation in Latin America, including human rights violations. 1975
Journey United States invited by the University of Oklahoma and Mexico City to attend the third meeting of the International Commission of Inquiry into the crimes of the military junta Chile.Allí gives a lecture Latin American literature and on their own work. The papers read at that time and two of his texts were in one volume, The Final Island: The Fiction of Julio Cortázar (1978), a first critical assessment of his work in English. Post Fantomas against multinational vampires (Mexico, Excelsior), a historieta.Publica Silvalandia (Mexico, Cultural GDA), a series of texts inspired by paintings of Julio Silva. 1976
Make a clandestine visit to the village of Solentiname in Nicaragua.Publica Strictly amateur. Humanario (Buenos Aires, The Roof) from pictures of Alicia D'Amico and Sara Facio.Allí knew about the Sandinista triumph in Nicaragua, which became so violently sweet Nicaragua in 1984.
1977
appears storybook Someone who's there (Madrid, Alfaguara), which is the text Solentiname Revelation. 1978
Pantheon The editorial published in New York the English translation of Libro de Manuel. Cortazar makes it a warning to American readers: "This book was completed in 1972. Argentina was under the dicadura of General Alejandro Lanusse, and since then the escalation of violence and violation of human rights was evident. Such abuses have continued and have been increased under the military junta of General Videla (...) references to Argentina and other countries Latin Americans are as valid today as they were when they wrote this book. "Publish Territories, texts on painting (Mexico, Siglo XXI).
1979 Post A certain Lucas (Madrid, Alfaguara). In October visit Nicaragua and has since been dedicated to supporting and serving the Sandinista Revolution. Some of his texts are used in the literacy campaign of the country. Karvelis Ugné separates, with whom he continues to maintain close amistad.Viaja with Carol Dunlop, its third wife, to Panama where he met Ormara Torrijos, Panamanian ruler
1980 publishes storybook We want both Glenda (Mexico, New Image). Make a series of lectures at the University of Berkeley, California. 1981
In one of his first decrees, the socialist government of François Mitterrand awarded French nationality, on 24 July. For health reasons has to be admitted to a hospital, is at this time that you are diagnosed with leukemia. You have to suspend the project to go in December to Cuba, Nicaragua and Puerto Rico. 1982
Publish a new book of stories, untimely (Mexico, New Image). In November death of his wife, Carol Dunlop.
1983 The book appears to Motornauts the cosmoway, written for four hands with Carol Dunlop, which recounts a journey of thirty-three days between Paris and Marseille at two car parks per day. The copyright of this last book are intended by the Sandinistas nicaragüense.Viaja to Havana to attend a meeting of the Standing Committee of Intellectuals for the Sovereignty of the Peoples of Our America. Between November 30 and December 4, travels to Buenos Aires to visit his mother after the fall of the dictatorship and the assumption of government by President Raul Alfonsin. The authorities ignore their presence, but it is warmly welcomed by the people who recognizes him in public calles.Se so violently Nicaragua sweet (Managua, Nicaragua New Ed.)
1984 trip to Nicaragua, received the Minister of Culture of Nicaragua, Ernesto Cardenal, the Order of Cultural Independence 12 February Darío.El Ruben Julio Cortázar died of leukemia and is buried in the cemetery of Montparnasse, in the Carol Dunlop tomb where he lay. In Mexico (Editorial Nueva Imagen) appears his book of poems Unless the twilight
1986 The editorial Alfaguara undertakes the publication of the complete works of Julio Cortázar, even one that had remained unpublished until his death. To that end created a special collection, Library Cortázar. The design of the roofs were entrusted to Julio Silva.
